CS:GO Pro Tip Series: TM counter strike tips

this week's Pro Tip comes from Zach "TM" Miller, of Hold Mouse One. TM gives us an overview of the bomb-carrier's role, as well as strategies for attacking a site and holding it after a plant.



the but it is acting a little bit play for are all moslems my position would be a country fair and or a volunteer high tentative also
maps that i did go on for some sunglasses is the pins what our strategy
is going into it and the team we're going today on the scene of community going
over how to properly bonds position yourself to voter turnout in situations the pressure of having to for up to be
split on this map would be a freak out and waiting to be battles when i don't
usually do with the bombs situation as i wait for college on employers patterns possible waiting
for my team to unit a four you know just attacked what they are so
speak i think uh... what the among does is he comes amid all of us if you'll
smoke he was called to double doors and or on
the sparks on xbox and once that happens the juvenile
fairly marginal feis out in so cal cities font and they pushed out of the and what i do
with them on is after he among helps to smoke and
fire she comes back into because money and i'd smoke and flesh into this be
bomb site understood and i usually did not push up until you know
misinformation and when you have the bomb a big thing that you want to be
cautious uh... is not ready all by herself because if you die with the bomb
vendor team is more likely than others around so after they push out little they flashed into being reflections of
the we make our way into the bomb site the main sparked a border plan b would be right under the decide below window to the right of when the russians a and i will not ever play that until i
know then double doors for window fully covered because i want to be in
the middle of a bomb poet and somebody running on these because
that takes visibility and it is way too much time to pull your gun and more likely that person or run and shoot you can fall back but if your team is getting pressure
from double doors a lot and you have with the security of very
good spot of quiet with the eighth directly below when does the left and you would play here and it's very different image across
from the spots and watch the push in the window why you're planning then that way after you plant and
everything is going to fight you can fall back so where your team is perfect cover up people's off the bomb plant on either
side another very good spot to watch the bomb if is planning on the right side will be
assigned priyanka this box because this person is not being wheeled for and you can see
people speaking the box is outside of the double doors or running in through
smoke and it's a very easy in the residual or people trying to get
a picture window arrests diminished we're here and what we do is the first three good sponds the rush long and slay
flashover and they were trying to take control
this they will push out and we forward me n
another player usually ian martin to come and get all and what we do is when i had the bomb
twenty-five smoke middle-class hope the double doors off the start and that i watch over a while he walks of cap so i'm pushing for him to run up at
least question for me not to get pushed after i thought for him he pushes up he has a kill you getting killed and he
does not getting killed i'll be right behind them to think of
those who kills or three if they're going to be there people along star flashing and smoking
in saying so we won't be counting intake by hopper insight or egg pews which will
be right next to the east side on top of the platform and what they will do is they will still
be elevator or this opening right here from floor seats eating etc and after that it's moving flash we push
in i'm always second unless i know there's people russian
behind a but i will run in and the most common plan spot would be ready here
planning for a long if you have control of longing and cat playing right here is the best situation
because you can play long hair on the long a platform you
belong to a platform properly and watch this even planted and watch this and
entrance fees and you can also if you are requested
relationship you can control this whole area by walking and tried out some of your
point opponent tried to defuse the bomb another comment very well used plan spot if do you do not have control
of long and you know they're pushing behind his desk at you cannot control cat it is still left in this box closest
accuse and you play it right here the spot is kind of difficult to defend
and less you're playing here on the radio and you know there's nobody coming along
in their only coming cap the best the best way to play this would be not
teaching this this is the most recent had charges the team you're playing is
good with a player playing against a very good so we want to do is you want to play the
single you wanna watch lower and if you know is coming pat we want to do the same thing another
course information is unlikely the sound unit again and
played a single of walking around and making sure that he
cannot job over this and that he's going to the
following all times so that way hired by may can run out of time on the
fuse all and i think that if you can at any moment fan discourage spartan but we never planned with we never play
i never plan that was being right behind the main double stack boxes
in the site your complaint right here but the thing is you can easily get
flight from cap and you can get shot from only a
platform and that is not a very responsible and
he's he's the only first

CS:GO Pro Tip Series: sapphiRe counter strike tips

Today's Pro Tip comes from Heather "sapphire" Mumm, who is competing at the Women's CS:GO tournament this week with team Ubinited.

Heather contributes a deep understanding of CS:GO to her team, and in the video below she shares that wisdom with the Counter-Strike community. Watch the video below to hear her thoughts about early game economy, and how to recover if your team falls behind in the first rounds.



mainly is heather mama my player name is
set for so i'm gonna talk about this time around same rounds nicole
brown's and why and when she buys second weapons certain armor hand grenades when you're testifying this time around
i'd suggest that at least for players and eighty it should have archers your opponents are not happy to
thousands or details on that kind of terrorist team so having armored and help keep you
alive for longer hammer and suggest at least one player should have been aids
it's gonna help uh... well you have more versatile straps a bid that need to have is a smoker nate
um... you can't smoke down in the seattle area here and this is going to
help protect you from san diego is waiting on the other side your you'll be
able to get out the catwalk quickly uh... if you have this of flash can help
you can enter into the site is really important for one player to at least
empty grenades to allow you to have more strata options and the rest of you seem
to have armor and that's going to go out for a long
time as a commentary on your pistol around
you're gonna deal with a a few things different than you would uh... these
terrorist acts d_d_t_ followed on from paris which is
the clock isn't going to kill you in one shot uh... therefore you really don't need
iron is more important to have a great for example if you had long eight here a quick maintenance used this following
and gonna stop for a chance can allow you to investors and rotate or if your if the terrorists are rushing
out the catalogue here flashes godfather and out of town lower it's units from all over the phone sex
but it has also break advocate because that's the browns can come down
to is really close one b one situations they're not gonna have much time to
defuse it's very important to advocate both counter-terrorist and terrorist
incarcerate all of the fifty one for us in older versions of kind of strength only is it a restaurant owned by the
funds it's actually attendees and got a lot of
people make fun of it uh... all of you know someone bundle managers must endure on reception at
that time the nice thing about it it seems incredibly rapidly compared to a deed on which you can't
family this so that's a great for russia's silently and your comments resting and
he's got a lot of them you can actually do some decent damage you're not going to get the head shots
like you do it that we going to one-shot kilts similar to this you are able to stand here and he has to
do significant damage dx if you realize that the first round easy going beyond brownfield and you're not going to have a lot of
money because he didn't win that round sola a lot of times discontinued either
save completely unjust essentially for for the rally seeking the money in the
next round or he can buy details the needles pistols anything credibly
accurate as essentially lacy the author of pistols you'll get a got a
lot of one shackles of this state if your team is on side really suggest that done it's it's
only eight hundred dollars it's enough that you're not wasting your
money but he's still have a legitimate chance of winning that eyes how they can't figure if you went
around it's also great to buy is the main seven th kind of a a one-shot want kill you're going to want to be close up to
the players who cannot bring a long-range it it shoots multiple bullets
at a time as you can see here seeing a lot of places in close quarters maybe can get it was finally fierce
opponent do you really don't want make these long range shots because it's not
going to be happy if you can see the the bonds are coming down here you can
either ending higher another second round done that's that's
really great to buy is d for mass it's very similar to the calill uh... it has a different aspect though
in that it has been for the first fire automatic mode semi-automatic minus is going to be
great for close range combat uh... well the first fired really good for a long range it's can
allow you to be a little more accurate automatic it's great for sam therapeutic if your pollens rushing
activist five men coming your way offensive hispanics hometown to control the required esther the second round even if you lost
the first three rounds terrorists are going to start buying chicas a lot of
college fairs aren't going to buy guns yet that's because then i think what
thereafter after these are gonna stick with their mosses or let herself so i a case gives you a little jim it
shot at winning around is essentially headshot machine it's it's also that'd
be great chance of a one-shot landfill it's a lot more accurate than bennett
any of the essentially such a great third round flatness it's also very
button for the rest of the the match essentially blessing also trust eat the economy system is when you're
getting into omg on grounds which is usually around
three and beyond wing both teams have a weapon d op is a fantastic time is it's
incredibly accurate and it's great for a long range combat
it has a signals called and they don't start however when you do get a killer
that it's only fifty dollars per film and it's also one of the most expensive
don saying that i want to have many of you got a lot one or two you pretty nice yet a done deal should have will be uh... other counter-terrorist
senior guy wants vis and four which it's going to be
slightly more money port for kayla three hundred dollars compared to fifty with the off but it's not as great for
long-range combat however it's fantastic or stopping crashes so if you find rushing to be bombs are
here to industries lover spray them down where you can also view it happened so by tapping you're gonna be a little
more accurate than you could spend taken control of everythi

CS:GO Pro Tip Series: nEiLZiNHo counter strike tips

money until he was innocent and an upgrade for u_k_ can restrict
global for instance i was a sponsor because i was one of the support for the
games and only took the whole thing without planned and i've run out of
ideas and medicine fashion and use those individuals to yard vonage prints try and capitalize on it this is de enige ksl esculent terror stating that take a much
needed on site if you're gonna comment onto the opera
psychiatric and usually a lot of yahoo and type in the russian through this high i think you have a
couple of nights commences cricket or so if you're going to be the first got it all the hot which is the most important
In this Pro Tip we hear from Neil "nEiLZiNHo" Finlay, the in-game leader of FM! TOXiC. Neil walks us through his team's approach to de_nuke from the T side, stressing the importance of pre-aiming to catch defending CTs off-guard and throwing smokes to cover vulnerable angles. He also gives an overview of an aggressive play for CTs who want to stop an incoming rush.



role you cannot protect the most important
sports which is all that preeminent bush has won the most important things and
when you think of a strict so as i was going to commit this section
and a the first they should have to check a very happy because i was in
those columns bought the people set if you were going to commit of your call
sir they're ready to agree with you before
then have to bring them up so if you're in the clinic pimpri ended
up there you can just come in and and so they
fear the regular hate to get the first co and and then second point com passes and the schools no sale so once you filled by a long then you can discount the bosley nature every click on the rafters is
most important lessons check you have a couple of personal doctor
here so overseeing it victory and rent here in
texas concorrendo about membership when apostle peripheral
namibia where the miscarriage here so if you're committed because it on the second world of chris critical you'd try your best to try and get rid of this error people really want
a faiths i guess all political long-range with you and you've got a case of if
you're gonna hope for that door refuge if you know for a fact is going
to be playing and their long-range dies did you can hope for the door but a few jumper and and your team it
does not make that kelso than those kanin the viewed who live on the books
you can share very accurately oil strengthen so esters up protest sounds like you're
pollsters what they are then you're gonna die a few jumping about so you just have to try and get as low as
fast as possibly can maybe john once brand the corner ball and if you can even if you guess what grade off as soon
as possible and dust efforts for laws changed and what we did as a
strident you cannot she'd like you know you can do it at the door so you don't want guys send back here for
tracking i've laid off outdoor before and then if you took a school register
that capital such as long profitably and this may help slow you can smoke off
before you got to be raised if you can mission celeb strategies
before and get out there in dirty campaign the
path of iso as soon as i think was off to go through the open unless half a
second after law school is going to be done so you're covered completely from
the again disguised even authority about the details issued a flash bands as well and i'll even blame the people up there across the state so yeah that's ideal if you can get out
there and for them that's really good stuff it further likens interpreted as well as you call
star pasand you've got usually argued you have your first it personally go and
then you have one guy just come into the hot and spawned throughout smoke just think it's a kind regards first
tikkabilla quickly and you can just send a and hold off f your correct address you're going to play a more aggressive
aloft players like today uh... and at the school here saluda skin awaken in the heartland to
say here and then flashes come into the for the skyways other one point gentle
tra wall of a law players especially if you just putting it kind
of course devote can attack up here for so you've
got that advantage on the few clinic as you can get the first day being afforded in control of the hot air
youth totally stop the rush can you guarantee to the the first
couple echoes or if you're planning to ascertain and for example you've got off the
progress that their stupidity which is really good has occurred last few days
to the south use taken full all the instantly so that
i am terrace country anything so if you've got the first see guys in
european with the best sponsors uti you told me that your so the first few
guys who just watch the keep the gonzo avenue just take control of this error
handle all the time the test of the city center itself and
get a rather just florent and then you'll have your fourth member
jump in that oversight choco fudge front office huh that's uh... while the hot here which
wheelbase live explain daniel m and this area so does usual default sell for tests to
discover co-operate has come in here taken control of the new of one person's
fault here so if you're going against a regressive
team bushes all we've really done a couple of ryan's so that russia four illuminates this
person here and he's gone off the fall-back if he
faces especially high is dead so the spectral across the sky also you
basically isolate the two tests that are going to be taken herself and you are free of your teammates
fishermen and they won't be expecting a postal
still definitely died so it's really easy going first complicate was and then you can just
fall back and once you phone baki you know you go
about biology glorification of our and then you have your fifth member to
school in this is a very awesome account funky behind again because that's the one area that that's
the foreman structural yeah thousand-person washing about
you're back all the time than it once you've got a cover but it's pretty easy
if you get the first it goes so thought that the mothers if one of
the regressive friends this on front left that's really good

CS:GO Pro Tip Series: ruggah counter strike tips

This Pro Tip comes from Casper 'ruggah' Due, of Anexis eSports. Casper gives a broad overview of the support role in de_inferno from both sides of the map, with a focus on some clever smokes, flashes, and even a molotov to help your team attack (or defend) each bombsite.



the lenin's casper i'm twenty four years old allied play
coach ago for team in texas i play the merits of fifty those in the in the team but i've always
been the folklore is mainly because i'm not the the
biggest mef writer i'm sure a lot of people i'd take my kills every once in
awhile but i'm not the one making the rams
change in our favor under technical mind and i tried to held my teammates when
the rounds and make them good you can i'm going to talk about being a
support player on federal one of the things you can do as a
terrorist support player as to help you it
teammates achieve this area you can do it with a flash bang you'll flesh here which means twenty flash if there's a opponent waiting for the guy who kidnaps if
you'll be flashed and then do you can have your teammate
jumped on the wagon command jumped onto the balcony after he preheat the checks this room
buchanan's please go down and take control of the more stuffs if you control it you would pressure
become a terrorist to plague defensive this is a huge atlantis for the
terrorist knowing that their opponents are playing defensively if you control all of this you can do
with the things that you can't you can split to what's the small onsite
foosball you can smoke this ariel and then you can split today side again from small pet a good smoke for the taking control of arch would
beat standing here and second metal just coats the shadow of uh... won't
great and the name for the becaue further the corner at uh... trips when woodland inside uh... and fed up introduction the cigar smoke when you have to split
but uh... for a small bit because if your
insides form holding the spot from here you'll be
you'll be pressure to rotate to library and if your own if you're as terrorists know that your opponent s to rotate to
average they can be waiting for him even without all playing defensively or they can go back recently and try to
pick them off you can also just to a close middle searching mates concludes aquat without
being seen enough to put a smile refused so it
covers the whole part of middle this is the way you can control the a
bonsai you can also as a full plate rotate
traps way confer a smoke in the in the at the
in the staffs so that that's the the cities at the site and see if anyone's
himself if you will look at one of smoke at all from second little without being killed
twelve doing it a good thing could be to list you have to take this roof made it touched you know the roof at the top of the other roof and when you do it you just aim your thumb if you lift hand will have to
move into touch there the white powder affair and generator
and then the will pop on the balcony effects as a simple player is not important efficient all the people you see is it's normally enough just to take the
focus free teammates to do something else while while you're doing something assisi numeral will be either as simple but loose it would be things falling slash farce a dismal bomb south with questions you can instead even staying inside inside the rains and flash for teammate and they will pop on top here which means everyone rotating into the
bebe on site will be flashed not for very long but it will stop them and local pub right here which means if you wouldn't if you just into the side you'll be flats because
we've learned how to swim it and at the pups until the fitness or you can stand all the way down in
spawned just waiting for the fleischman thirteen maart position you can have had the sieges
that will be playing the smoke it slash squad the normal the beginning of france you
have to watch out for the chris oppression we could mean but you can just wait here stand on the roof
of the flesh bang volume made in march will be spotting and if you see
something you can flash minister for and you can tell you killed instantly if you pull back you'll have to play rich marcos'
ballplayer you'd you can't just an taking all the deals against some uh... some of the best they
merced if you know your integrity and we have to position himself correctly miss williams if you have made in if you had and city
medan pick that do it have to put into something like this standing here with west bank if you do
not think you can flash keep the mccue do components away anne and they start just pushed you can
fleischer pia for each image if you've prisons for instance a flash
flood plaza need help venue for a for soviet and use the fortitude that so you
supported the rule the support of the side will be with crime in the first
place always always trying to help out all the places
possible and also showed emotion you go beyond the word you crouch painful and and you can't one two three and you make sure that your aren't aiming on the top of
the fence with the middle of the pressure the top of the cross should be should
divided half when you first and going up and it will explode and then if your here at the boxes you'll be here at the home also if you're here behind this one you'll
also be heard which means if i was if i was standing here and the most of catron their i will have to be to instant
rotator here because if you stand on some of the mold
so while the pressures having you'll
instantly die from mls of or you'll be killed with ten hpr something series is pressuring them to rotate while playing the defense of site basically support player at infernal
will be keeping it in most of its frontiers to when the road.

CS:GO Pro Tip Series: Fifflaren counter strike tips

In this video, Robin "Fifflaren" Johansson from NiP gives us an overview of how his team goes for picks and executes their inner strat on de_nuke. He also demonstrates useful smoke grenade and flashbang locations on the map.



and my name is from the house and might
mean unassisted foreign on interstate forty million people intervene with the uh... to help out those charcoal or annals of
the uh... on the main sponsor and i think so i tried to uh... play out there is a portable and is busy
trying to give them an insight on the what might happen and you know what the
confirmed through connor refunds as well as helped out so that when it comes to
syntactic sit to decide if web the other thing might be doing their own tempest initially guys following team
m_i_t_ uh... just try to kal topics summer sonograms uh... we always try to have two guys go
outside so once most of which argues is that
right online distill herewith this little box and i just came right over over dis one anniston randolph find all the way the roof understand landline desert right here as you can see it's completely covered so if there's an opera singer uh... he's
going to be told smoked out age and we do not much he's gonna have to rotate
back and and when this happens how you she
tend to go over here someone just gonna stand over here who crossfire spend all
the way to see to spawn just in case there's an opera with him well this is going on we have three people in there in the lobby area of we always have one
person out here that's just basically holding are fine teach us something
waiting for the guys if they decide to push uh... and then we also have two
guys trying to push around i think he's this way for us to pressure
for us to push round would be and most of times usually like to smoke
and stuff but once a small pieces is gone one or the ice is gonna sound
right here and it's gonna throw to fleischman at school and rights basis the so if you have a seat in the
southwest is canada flies if you have a c steve just as he is
going to finest and also from from this area as well so they say we just want
fires will cover most of the area area over here which makes a lot of users for our guys
who announced to clear the area and all in all souls
again just two of them disappear and then we also have affect position now wouldn't goal under
catwalk for example we could also go downstairs and and basically at this point around uh... with this went on to decide
whether to go if we're gonna finish downstairs into the finish and under cap or and so i'm just gonna show you guys how
we take over on the cap rock so basically what we have run we have three guys here is the guy from
lobbyists low it's gonna wrote a backorder have three guys here which is
less than two weeks hello this is happening we have another time all the resources right here with this moved us is that when they
come up from that and a sucky king bed this area's completely smokes if you
have someone standing and then on them on the team and for what he's going to
be tolley smoked it can be covered and our guys can't use the just go up here
with i can shop from from behind and also what did you lose we always
have on god to walk through free salsa lafarge on the inner bomb site forty other guys
uh... it's very important for you guys to what we stand a bit of an elevator
because otherwise the five-to-one are proper go through
the window and onto the site which will flush more
people uh... today suggest you wanna make sure that you are lining or uh... a
little bit about this one are you throw it off facial with the smoke q bcc those goals here people to break the
glass and it's gonna shatter right here so if you have one guy here he's going
to five sd she how long that he is going to faisal it some are easy for us to go up and to
clear the area when everything is five sd and this is basically how we excuse
our part inner strength

SteelSeries Kana Gaming Mouse Counterstrike Global Offensive Edition.

Featuring a CounterStrike: Global Offensive unique design, the SteelSeries Kana CounterStrike: Global Offensive Edition is an optical, ambidextrous mouse designed for all three grip styles: palm, claw and swipe. Based on the SteelSeries Kana mouse, the functionality, ergonomic button layout and size was perfected alongside SteelSeries' professional gaming teams, who also tested and validated the precision and power hidden in the Kana's modest exterior. Make no mistake; this mouse was built for consistency and accuracy even in professional tournament conditions.

You Want More Buttons?

The SteelSeries Kana CS:GO Edition features 2 XL-sized, side buttons (one on each side) for easy rapid-fire. If you choose to not use them, then head over to the SteelSeries Engine to disable.


Ambidextrous

The SteelSeries Kana CS:GO Edition has an ergonomic, ambidextrous design makes it a natural fit for both right and left handed users.

The SteelSeries Engine

The SteelSeries Engine allows you to customize your mouse settings like never before. With the SteelSeries Engine installed you are able to set custom CPI settings, set LED intensity per CPI, program your mouse buttons, set polling rate, record macros, track button usage statistics, set game triggers for profiles, and setup unlimited profiles for all settings.

Lighting with Purpose

The illuminated scroll wheel is both stylish and functional. Utilizing the SteelSeries Engine, the LED intensity can be assigned to indicate the currently active CPI profile.

Easy-to-Adjust CPI

The centrally located toggle button allows you to quickly switch between two sensitivity settings. The pre-defined CPI settings in the Kana CS:GO Edition are used and recommended by professional gamers all over the world. These CPI settings, which reach up to 3200, are also easily adjustable via the SteelSeries Engine.

Stability

The SteelSeries Kana CS:GO Edition is made to be stable on every kind of surface with the help of its top of the line optical sensor. This sensor is also designed to eliminate jitter and provide optimized stability for the user.

Superior Tracking

The SteelSeries Kana CS:GO Edition uses advanced, optical technology that operates at 3600 frames per second and supports stable movement speeds at 130 inches per second. These specs simply say that regardless of your frantic movements, the mouse will consistently deliver, especially for fast-paced FPS games.

System Requirements

Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Mac OS X

counter strike source multiplayer networking explained

Source Multiplayer Networking

 Multiplayer games based on the Source Engine use a Client-Server networking architecture. Usually a server is a dedicated host that runs the game and is authoritative about world simulation, game rules, and player input processing. A client is a player's computer connected to a game server. The client and server communicate with each other by sending small data packets at a high frequency (usually 20 to 30 packets per second). A client receives the current world state from the server and generates video and audio output based on these updates. The client also samples data from input devices (keyboard, mouse, microphone, etc.) and sends these input samples back to the server for further processing. Clients only communicate with the game server and not between each other (like in a peer-to-peer application). In contrast with a single player game, a multiplayer game has to deal with a variety of new problems caused by packet-based communication.
Network bandwidth is limited, so the server can't send a new update packet to all clients for every single world change. Instead, the server takes snapshots of the current world state at a constant rate and broadcasts these snapshots to the clients. Network packets take a certain amount of time to travel between the client and the server (i.e. the ping time). This means that the client time is always a little bit behind the server time. Furthermore, client input packets are also delayed on their way back, so the server is processing temporally delayed user commands. In addition, each client has a different network delay which varies over time due to other background traffic and the client's framerate. These time differences between server and client causes logical problems, becoming worse with increasing network latencies. In fast-paced action games, even a delay of a few milliseconds can cause a laggy gameplay feeling and make it hard to hit other players or interact with moving objects. Besides bandwidth limitations and network latencies, information can get lost due to network packet loss.

To cope with all these issues introduced by network communication, the Source engine uses multiple techniques to solve these problems, or at least make them less visible to the player. These techniques include data compression, interpolation, prediction, and lag compensation. These techniques are tightly coupled, and changes made within one system may affect other systems. This document describes the general functionality of these systems and how they work together.

Basic networking

The server simulates the game in discrete time steps called ticks. By default, 66 ticks per second are simulated, but mods can specify their own tickrate. For example Counter-Strike: Source uses a lower tickrate of 33 ticks/second to reduce the server CPU load. During each tick, the server processes incoming user commands, runs a physical simulation step, checks the game rules, and updates all object states. After simulating a tick, the server decides if any client needs a world update and takes a snapshot of the current world state if necessary. A higher tickrate increases the simulation precision, but also requires more CPU power and available bandwidth on both server and client. The server admin may override the default tickrate with the -tickrate command line parameter, though tickrate changes done this way are not recommended because the mod may not work as designed if its tickrate is changed.
Clients usually have only a limited amount of available bandwidth. In the worst case, players with a modem connection can't receive more than 5 to 7 KB/sec. If the server tried to send them updates with a higher data rate, packet loss would be unavoidable. Therefore, the client has to tell the server its incoming bandwidth capacity by setting the console variable rate (in bytes/second). This is the most important network variable for clients and it has to be set correctly for an optimal gameplay experience. The client can request a certain snapshot rate by changing cl_updaterate (default 20), but the server will never send more updates than simulated ticks or exceed the requested client rate limit. Server admins can limit data rate values requested by clients with sv_minrate and sv_maxrate (both in bytes/second). Also the snapshot rate can be restricted with sv_minupdaterate and sv_maxupdaterate (both in snapshots/second).
The client creates user commands from sampling input devices with the same tick rate that the server is running with. A user command is basically a snapshot of the current keyboard and mouse state. But instead of sending a new packet to the server for each user command, the client sends command packets at a certain rate of packets per second (usually 30). This means two or more user commands are transmitted within the same packet. Clients can increase the command rate with cl_cmdrate. This will increase responsiveness but requires more outgoing bandwidth, too.
Game data is compressed using delta compression to reduce network load. That means the server doesn't send a full world snapshot each time, but rather only changes (a delta snapshot) that happened since the last acknowledged update. With each packet sent between the client and server, acknowledge numbers are attached to keep track of their data flow. Usually full (non-delta) snapshots are only sent when a game starts or a client suffers from heavy packet loss for a couple of seconds. Clients can request a full snapshot manually with the cl_fullupdate command.
Responsiveness, or the time between user input and its visible feedback in the game world, are determined by lots of factors, including the server/client CPU load, simulation tickrate, data rate and snapshot update settings, but mostly by the network packet traveling time. The time between the client sending a user command, the server responding to it, and the client receiving the server's response is called the latency or ping (or round trip time). Low latency is a significant advantage when playing a multiplayer online game. Techniques like prediction and lag compensation try to minimize that advantage and allow a fair game for players with slower connections. Tweaking networking setting can help to gain a better experience if the necessary bandwidth and CPU power is available. We recommend keeping the default settings, since improper changes may cause more negative side effects than actual benefits.

Entity interpolation

By default, the client receives about 20 snapshot per second. If the objects (entities) in the world were only rendered at the positions received by the server, moving objects and animation would look choppy and jittery. Dropped packets would also cause noticeable glitches. The trick to solve this problem is to go back in time for rendering, so positions and animations can be continuously interpolated between two recently received snapshot. With 20 snapshots per second, a new update arrives about every 50 milliseconds. If the client render time is shifted back by 50 milliseconds, entities can be always interpolated between the last received snapshot and the snapshot before that.
Source defaults to an interpolation period ('lerp') of 100-milliseconds (cl_interp 0.1); this way, even if one snapshot is lost, there are always two valid snapshots to interpolate between. Take a look at the following figure showing the arrival times of incoming world snapshots:

The last snapshot received on the client was at tick 344 or 10.30 seconds. The client time continues to increase based on this snapshot and the client frame rate. If a new video frame is rendered, the rendering time is the current client time 10.32 minus the view interpolation delay of 0.1 seconds. This would be 10.22 in our example and all entities and their animations are interpolated using the correct fraction between snapshot 340 and 342.
Since we have an interpolation delay of 100 milliseconds, the interpolation would even work if snapshot 342 were missing due to packet loss. Then the interpolation could use snapshots 340 and 344. If more than one snapshot in a row is dropped, interpolation can't work perfectly because it runs out of snapshots in the history buffer. In that case the renderer uses extrapolation (cl_extrapolate 1) and tries a simple linear extrapolation of entities based on their known history so far. The extrapolation is done only for 0.25 seconds of packet loss (cl_extrapolate_amount), since the prediction errors would become too big after that.
Entity interpolation causes a constant view "lag" of 100 milliseconds by default (cl_interp 0.1), even if you're playing on a listenserver (server and client on the same machine). This doesn't mean you have to lead your aiming when shooting at other players since the server-side lag compensation knows about client entity interpolation and corrects this error.

Tip:More recent Source games have the cl_interp_ratio cvar. With this you can easily and safely decrease the interpolation period by setting cl_interp to 0, then increasing the value of cl_updaterate (the useful limit of which depends on server tickrate). You can check your final lerp with net_graph 1.

Note:If you turn on sv_showhitboxes (not available in Source 2009) you will see player hitboxes drawn in server time, meaning they are ahead of the rendered player model by the lerp period. This is perfectly normal!

Input prediction

Lets assume a player has a network latency of 150 milliseconds and starts to move forward. The information that the +FORWARD key is pressed is stored in a user command and send to the server. There the user command is processed by the movement code and the player's character is moved forward in the game world. This world state change is transmitted to all clients with the next snapshot update. So the player would see his own change of movement with a 150 milliseconds delay after he started walking. This delay applies to all players actions like movement, shooting weapons, etc. and becomes worse with higher latencies.
A delay between player input and corresponding visual feedback creates a strange, unnatural feeling and makes it hard to move or aim precisely. Client-side input prediction (cl_predict 1) is a way to remove this delay and let the player's actions feel more instant. Instead of waiting for the server to update your own position, the local client just predicts the results of its own user commands. Therefore, the client runs exactly the same code and rules the server will use to process the user commands. After the prediction is finished, the local player will move instantly to the new location while the server still sees him at the old place.
After 150 milliseconds, the client will receive the server snapshot that contains the changes based on the user command he predicted earlier. Then the client compares the server position with his predicted position. If they are different, a prediction error has occurred. This indicates that the client didn't have the correct information about other entities and the environment when it processed the user command. Then the client has to correct its own position, since the server has final authority over client-side prediction. If cl_showerror 1 is turned on, clients can see when prediction errors happen. Prediction error correction can be quite noticeable and may cause the client's view to jump erratically. By gradually correcting this error over a short amount of time (cl_smoothtime), errors can be smoothly corrected. Prediction error smoothing can be turned off with cl_smooth 0.
Predicting an object's behavior only works if the clients knows the same rules and state of the object as the server. That's usually not the case since the server knows more internal information about objects than the clients do. Clients see only a small part of the world and just get enough information to render objects. Therefore, prediction works only for your own player, and the weapons controlled by you. Proper prediction of other players or interactive objects is not possible on the client at this point.

Lag compensation

All source code for lag compensation and view interpolation is available in the Source SDK.

Let's say a player shoots at a target at client time 10.5. The firing information is packed into a user command and sent to the server. While the packet is on its way through the network, the server continues to simulate the world, and the target might have moved to a different position. The user command arrives at server time 10.6 and the server wouldn't detect the hit, even though the player has aimed exactly at the target. This error is corrected by the server-side lag compensation)
The lag compensation system keeps a history of all recent player positions for one second. If a user command is executed, the server estimates at what time the command was created as follows:
Command Execution Time = Current Server Time - Packet Round-Trip-Time - Client View Interpolation
Then the server moves all other players - only players - back to where they were at the command execution time. The user command is executed and the hit is detected correctly. After the user command has been processed, the players revert to their original positions.

Note:Since entity interpolation is included in the equation, failing to have it on can cause undesired results.

On a listen server you can enable sv_showimpacts 1 to see the different server and client hitboxes:

This screenshot was taken on a listen server with 200 milliseconds of lag (using net_fakelag), right after the server confirmed the hit. The red hitbox shows the target position on the client where it was 100 milliseconds ago. Since then, the target continued to move to the left while the user command was travelling to the server. After the user command arrived, the server restored the target position (blue hitbox) based on the estimated command execution time. The server traces the shot and confirms the hit (the client sees blood effects).
Client and server hitboxes don't exactly match because of small precision errors in time measurement. Even a small difference of a few milliseconds can cause an error of several inches for fast-moving objects. Multiplayer hit detection is not pixel perfect and has known precision limitations based on the tickrate and the speed of moving objects. Increasing the tickrate does improve the precision of hit detection, but also requires more CPU, memory, and bandwidth capacity for server and clients.
The question arises, why is hit detection so complicated on the server? Doing the back tracking of player positions and dealing with precision errors while hit detection could be done client-side way easier and with pixel precision. The client would just tell the server with a "hit" message what player has been hit and where. We can't allow that simply because a game server can't trust the clients on such important decisions. Even if the client is "clean" and protected by Valve Anti-Cheat, the packets could be still modified on a 3rd machine while routed to the game server. These "cheat proxies" could inject "hit" messages into the network packet without being detected by VAC (a "man-in-the-middle" attack).
Network latencies and lag compensation can create paradoxes that seem illogical compared to the real world. For example, you can be hit by an attacker you can't even see anymore because you already took cover. What happened is that the server moved your player hitboxes back in time, where you were still exposed to your attacker. This inconsistency problem can't be solved in general because of the relatively slow packet speeds. In the real world, you don't notice this problem because light (the packets) travels so fast and you and everybody around you sees the same world as it is right now.

Net graph

The Source engine offers a couple of tools to check your client connection speed and quality. The most popular one is the net graph, which can be enabled with net_graph 2 (or +graph). Incoming packets are represented by small lines moving from right to left. The height of each line reflects size of a packet. If a gap appears between lines, a packet was lost or arrived out of order. The lines are color-coded depending on what kind of data they contain.
Under the net graph, the first line shows your current rendered frames per second, your average latency, and the current value of cl_updaterate. The second line shows the size in bytes of the last incoming packet (snapshots), the average incoming bandwidth, and received packets per second. The third line shows the same data just for outgoing packets (user commands).

Optimizations

The default networking settings are designed for playing on dedicated server on the Internet. The settings are balanced to work well for most client/server hardware and network configurations. For Internet games the only console variable that should be adjusted on the client is "rate", which defines your available bytes/second bandwidth of your network connection. Good values for "rate" is 4500 for modems, 6000 for ISDN, 10000 DSL and above.
In an high-performance network environment, where the server and all clients have the necessary hardware resources available, it's possible to tweak bandwidth and tickrate settings to gain more gameplay precision. Increasing the server tickrate gernally improves movement and shooting precision but comes with a higher CPU cost. A CS:S server running with tickrate 100 generates about 3x more CPU load then a default tickrate 33 server. That can cause serious calculation lags, especially when lots of people are shooting at the same time. It's not suggested to run a game server with a higher tickrate then 66 to reserve necessary CPU resources for critical situations.
If the game server is running with a higher tickrate, clients can increase their snapshot update rate (cl_updaterate) and user command rate (cl_cmdrate), if the necessary bandwidth (rate) is available. The snapshot update rate is limited by the server tickrate, a server can't send more then one update per tick. So for a tickrate 66 server, the highest client value for cl_updaterate would be 66. If you increase the snapshot rate and encounter packet loss or choke, you have to turn it down again. With an increased cl_updaterate you can also lower the view interpolation delay (cl_interp). The default interpolation delay is 0.1 seconds, which derives from the default cl_updaterate 20. View interpolation delay gives a moving player a small advantage over a stationary player since the moving player can see his target a split second earlier. This effect is unavoidable, but it can be reduced by decreasing the view interpolation delay. If both players are moving, the view lag delay is affecting both players and nobody has an advantage.
The relation between snapshot rate and view interpolation delay is the following:
Source Engine v7 (CSS - HL2DM) view interpolation delay = cl_interp_ratio / cl_updaterate
For example, if your client receives 66 update per second and the interp ratio is 2, your view interpolation delay will be 0.03 s. This way your view interpolation lag is lowered from 100ms to 30ms. cl_interp was disabled on the Source Engine v7, you need to use cl_interp_ratio and cl_updaterate to set the view interpolation delay. Removing the view interpolation lag completely by turning it off (cl_interpolate 0) will not work and cause jittery animations and worse hit detection.
Source Engine v14/v15 / Orange Box Engine (TF2 - DoD S) + Left 4 Dead Engine cl_interp = cl_interp_ratio / cl_updaterate
For example, if your client receives 66 update per second and the interp ratio is 2, you can set cl_interp to 0.03. This way your view interpolation lag is lowered from 100ms to 30ms. Here, cl_interp_ratio is acting as a "limiter" of the cl_interp value. It is not possible to turn off the view interpolation lag on the Orange Box Engine.

Tips

Don't change console settings unless you are 100% sure what you are doing

Most "high-performance" setting cause exactly the opposite effect, if the server or network can't handle the load.

Don't turn off view interpolation and/or lag compensation

It will not improve movement or shooting precision.

Optimized setting for one client may not work for other clients

Do not just use settings from other clients without verifing them for your system.

If you follow a player in "First-Person" as a spectator in a game or SourceTV, you don't exactly see what the player sees

Spectators see the game world without lag compensation.

counter strike source low end computer frames per second (fps) guide

TUTORIAL:CS:S for low end users (FPS help)

---

This tutorial is intended for people with low end machines, which can be qualified as machines with some type of 1.7 gigahertz processor or below, an agp slot - mostly towards 4x, or an nVidia 5900 series or below card or an ATI 9600 series or below (although you may also want to copy and paste the following link for the VALVe hardware assesment service)

steam://support/?Issues=*

. It is separated into six sections:

1. Graphic Card Drivers
2. Command Line Settings
3. Automatically Executed Configuration
4. Setting Priorities
5. In game settings.
6. Other Helpful links

It is intended to get the maximum playability for those who can not afford to upgrade; it is not going to make a pretty game with all the bells and whistles, rather, it will turn them ALL OFF. Your game, when done, will now graphically resemble CS 1.6, but hopefully will be more playable in Source. This tutorial is not intended for users who already have a decent machine and just want to "squeeze out a few more fps", rather, it's for players who have fps problems. I hope it helps. This tutorial can easily be modified to work on all Source games, not just CS: S. This tutorial is not the end all be all of tutorials, it is only here for help. If you find it helpful, great, if you find something in it that does not work for you, feel free to let me know what doesn't seem to work and why in this thread. Computers are very different from one another, there is no generic single solution for everyone. Nothing is 100% and neither is this tutorial. Feel free to add your own tweaks or recommendations to this thread.

**Note** THIS TUTORIAL PROBABLY WON'T HELP IF YOU DON'T HAVE AT LEAST THE MINIMUM SPECS

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1.) Graphic Card Drivers

BE SURE TO HAVE DirectX 9.0c INSTALLED. NOT SURE WHAT VERSION YOU HAVE? CLICK START-> RUN-> TYPE IN DXDIAG. THIS WILL TELL YOU RIGHT AWAY

Older cards require older drivers. Just because a new driver was released doesn't mean you should install it. They won't help geForce F/X or ati 9600 or below series owners, and may in fact hinder you. I think nVidia put it best, on this one. Guru3d has a great database of graphics drivers for everything, and an awesome forum to help you identify which drivers you need(although for older nVidia users I recommend the 79.11 drivers). Check them out at: http://www.guru3d.com

But, be sure to use the software removal tools for any drivers. There are some on Guru of 3D although I've also heard good things about Driver Cleaner, too. When you've downloaded and installed the driver removal tool of your choice, and after you've downloaded but before you've installed the new driver, be sure to:

• open Control Panel-> Add/remove Software-> find your card's drivers -> remove
• Reboot in Safe Mode ->tap the f8 key while rebooting to get this option
• Run the driver removal tool of your choice
• Reboot normally
• Install your new driver

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2.) Command Line Settings

THESE ARE EASY TO UNDO

First, start Steam. (Figure 2 shows DoD:S, substitute CS:S instead)

• Then, right click on the Steam icon in the lower right hand corner Figure 1.
• Select Games Figure 1.
• Right click on Counter Strike : Source Figure 2.
• Click Properties
• Click Set Launch Options Figure 2.
• enter in the following commands, the only spaces being between the commands as well as the command values Figure 2.:

Set the amount of ram used by Steam*. it is recommended to use 1/2 your available ram - so for the following:

Code:

-heapsize 

• Ram - Heapsize
• 2 gigs - 1048576
• 1 gig - 524288
• 512 megs - 262144
• 256 megs - 131072
• 128 megs - 65536 (you should consider buying more ram)

*VALVe has said that this doesn't control
the same resources it did in Half-Life. For more
information read this.

Specify the DirectX level used by the game.**

Code:

-dxlevel 

• DxLevel - Number
• 9.0c - 90 (really unnecessary if you are already fine)
• 8.1 - 81
• 8.0 - 80
• 7.0 - 70 (recommended for very low-end, although leagues consider this a cheat, for which I can understand.)

**Also, once set, you should remove this command from the launch options before
the next time you play. That way, if you've made any video setting changes
from the game engine after this, it will save and not reset itself each time.

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3.) Automatically Executed Configuration

TO UNDO THESE, RENAME OR DELETE THE AUTOEXEC.CFG FILE, THEN START THE GAME. OPEN YOUR CONSOLE ANDTYPE IN THE FOLLOWING -
-autoconfig
Thanks, Bazooka

Copy the following code (Thanks, Casey) and paste it into windows notepad. Name it autoexec.cfg and save it in your Steam directory - in one of two places (I have been made aware of two different directory structures - I believe it depends on how old your Steam installation is - if you don't have one path you most likely have the other, unless you made a custom path)
c:\Program Files\Steam\ . . .counter-strike source\hl2\cfg\
or
c:\Program Files\Steam\ . . .counter-strike source\cstrike\cfg\
directory.
**Note**Both the r_drawdetailprops and the r_propsmaxdist are considered cheats in most leagues, so do not include these if you play in CAL, TPG, BFE, or ViE **

Here are the commands, with a brief explanation (to activate or de-activate certain lines, simply comment or un-comment them by adding or removing "//" in front of the actual command. when the two forward slashes are there, like "//mat_dxlevel 60" that means it's not going to be read by the computer.):

Code:

// Casey's Config v2 (CAL compliant)
// Updated for new season by CAL|Stone
// Updated 01/06/07 - Lowered some vars to increase FPS within rule limits. Also removed one cheat var.
// Updated 01/07/07 - Reorganized and updated original version

//_Set Netcode vars_
cl_cmdrate "101"
cl_interp "0.01"
cl_interpolate "1"
cl_lagcomp_errorcheck "0" // Disables lagcompensation error checking, only needed if you're having any registration/loss/choke problems.
cl_lagcompensation "1"
cl_updaterate "101"
cl_smooth "1"
rate "25000"

//_Set MP vars_
mp_decals "0" // How many player sprays will be shown.

//_Set Client vars_
cl_drawmonitors "0" // Disables the rendering of ingame "monitors" which contain 3d rendered images.
cl_ragdoll_physics_enable "0" // Disables ragdoll.
cl_show_splashes "0" // Disables water splashes.
cl_phys_props_enable "1" // Enables Phsyics Props.
cl_phys_props_max "50" // Maximum amount of Physics props allowed.
cl_forcepreload "1" // Forces the game to load all texture and model information into memory on map load.
cl_restrict_server_commands "0" // Compatible/needed with serverplugins

//_Set Render vars_
r_decals "0" // Disables decals.
r_drawbatchdecals "1" // Enables the rendering of decals in batch.
r_decal_cullsize "9999" // Any decals under this size are not rendered.
r_rootlod "2" // Base lod of the model in the memory.
r_lod "-1" // Different level of details on models. -1 = Variable at distance. 0 = None. 1 = Minor. 2 = Less minor.
r_modellodscale "1.0" // The transitioning power of LOD.
r_drawmodeldecals "0" // Models decals, I.E. Blood.
r_shadowmaxrendered "32" // Max shadows the game will render.
r_shadows "0" // Disables shadows (Change to 1 if you like them.)
r_shadowrendertotexture "1" // Rendered the shadow texture causing it to match the player model.
r_dynamic "0" // Disables dynamic lights.
r_propsmaxdist "1200" // Max distance at which props are rendered.
r_drawdetailprops "1" // Enables the rendering of detail props.
r_occlusion "1" // Enables the Model Occlusion system.
r_renderoverlayfragment "0"
r_3dsky "0" // Disables the rendering of 3d sky boxes.
r_waterdrawreflection "0" // Disables the rendering of water reflections.
r_waterforceexpensive "0" // Forces cheap water.
r_drawflecks "0" // Disables the sparks and dirt from bullet impacts.
r_eyes "0" // Disables eyes in models.
r_teeth "0" // Disables teeth in models.
gl_clear "0" // Disables the gl_clear convariable!


//_Set Materials vars_
mat_monitorgamma "1.6" // Lower the number the brighter the screen. Only works in fullscreen.
mat_disable_bloom "1" // Disables bloom effects.
mat_hdr_enabled "0" // Disables HDR.
mat_hdr_level "0" // Double Disables HDR.
mat_specular "0" // Disables Specularity on objects.
mat_picmip "2" // Changes the resolutions of textures when they're loaded into memory. May improve FPS on graphics cards with low memory sizes.
mat_antialias "0" // Disables the use of multisampling to smooth out edges.
mat_bumpmap "0" // Disables bump mapping.
mat_clipz "0" // Disables optimized Z-Buffer rendering.
mat_compressedtextures "0" // Disables texture compression. Users with low amounts of system memory should turn this on.
mat_mipmaptextures "1" // Enables the use of mipmapping to make textures look smooth.
mat_reducefillrate "1" // Reduces the fillrate when the game is run in DXLevel 8.
mat_trilinear "0" // Disables the use of Trilinear mipmapping.
mat_wateroverlaysize "8" // Sets the resolution of water distortion. Must be multiple of 8.

//_Set Violence vars_
violence_ablood "1"
violence_agibs "1"
violence_hblood "1"
violence_hgibs "1"

//_Set HUD vars_
net_graph "3" // Enables net_graph (Required in SS round)
net_graphpos "2" // Adjusts netgraph position-set between 1 and 3.

clear
echo _Casey's Config v2 (CAL compliant) loaded

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4.) Setting Priorities

THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR EVERYONE, AS ON SOME SYSTEMS IT CAN DESTABILIZE THINGS.

• Launch CS:S. Wait for it to fully load.
• hit ctrl+alt+del.
• In the taskmanager window, hit the processes tab.
• Find Steam.
• Select it, right click it-> set priority-> below normal.
• Close the Taskmanager, alt+tab back into game.

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5.) In Game Settings

THESE ARE THE EASIST TO EDIT, BUT BE SURE AFTER YOU SET THESE AND SUCCESSFULLY TEST THEM TO REMOVE THE DXLEVEL SWITCH FROM YOUR LAUNCH OPTIONS IF YOU HAVE ENABLED IT, OTHERWISE THEY WILL RESET.

Video Qualities

• Start CS:S.
• Click Options Figure 3.
• Make sure your screen resolution is set to a smaller size, like 640 x 480 or 800x 600 Figure 3.
• Click advanced. make everything low or off, except leave the texture filtering to trilinear unless you have a graphics card older than 3 years, in which case you most likely need bilinear, and should really consider an inexpensive upgrade. Figure 3.
• Apply.

Sound Quality

• Also, on some machines, certain soundcards, especially board integrated sound cards, rely too much on the cpu. Try setting your sound quality to medium or low.
• ->Options->audio Fig.4

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6.) Other Helpful Links

• GotFrag Tweak
• Whisper's Wiki -General Game FPS guide
• Amadeus III's Configs
• EMORAY'S Links
• Got draw distance problems? Checkout hwkiller's helpful tutorial.

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The MarkC Windows 7 Mouse Acceleration Fix

The 'MarkC Windows 7 Mouse Acceleration Fix' is available for download from this link:
http://www.filefront.com/16049577/MarkC_Windows7_MouseFix.zip (version 2.1)
For help for the fix, visit the ESReality MarkC Windows 7 Mouse Acceleration Fix page:
http://www.esreality.com/?a=post&id=1846538
Members of HardForum.com:
I cannot answer any questions you ask on hardforum because I was banned from hardforum for posting my fix.
For support for this fix, please visit ESREALITY using the link above.Members of HardForum.com:
I cannot answer any questions you ask on hardforum because I was banned from hardforum for posting my fix.
For support for this fix, please visit ESREALITY using the link above.

What is it?

It is a registry file that removes Windows 7 mouse pointer acceleration.
It is like the CPL Mouse Fix and Cheese Mouse Fix, but gives exactly 1-to-1 mouse to pointer response for Windows 7.
Exactly 1-to-1 means no discarded or delayed mouse input while game playing.

How do you use it?

• Find the display DPI that you currently use:
  Click Start, click Control Panel, select Appearance and Personalization, select Display.
  See if you have 100% or 125% or 150% selected.
  
• Open the ZIP file at the link above.
  
• Select the REG file that matches the DPI% you use and Double-click it.
  
• Answer Yes, OK to the prompts that appear.
  (See below for non-Administrator account use.)
  
• Reboot or Log off to apply the fix (you have to reboot or Log off).
  
• Enjoy exactly 1-to-1 mouse to pointer response!

Why do you need the fix?

If you don't know you need it, then you don't need it!
Some older games, such as Half-Life 1, Counter-Strike 1.x, Quake, Quake 2, Unreal and others, while they are active and running, call a Windows function intending to disable variable mouse acceleration by forcing ALL movement to be accelerated by the same amount (doubled).
On Windows 2000 and earlier, that removed all variable acceleration.
Pointing and aiming in those games was OK, because the mouse response was then linear (all movement was accelerated by the same amount; it was doubled).
In XP, Vista and Windows 7, Microsoft changed how mouse pointer acceleration worked.
Now when those games call the function (asking that all movement be accelerated), Windows enables the mouse 'Enhance pointer precision' feature, which adds mouse acceleration using a varying curve to control the mouse response. (It enables it even if you have it turned off in the Control Panel Mouse settings.)
With 'Enhance pointer precision' enabled, slower mouse movements make the pointer go extra slow and faster mouse movements make the pointer go extra fast. It is not linear and not straightline.
This is annoying, because where you are aiming at depends on how far you move your mouse, and also on how fast you moved the mouse to aim.

How does the fix work?

It redefines the curve used by the 'Enhance pointer precision' feature to be a completely straight line. The slope of the line is tuned so that every on-mouse-pad mouse movement is turned into exactly the same amount of on-screen pointer movement.

How do you know the fix is working?

You can test if it is working by temporarily turning on the 'Enhance pointer precision' feature and see how the mouse responds.
(NOTE: Only turn 'Enhance pointer precision' on for testing: it should normally be set OFF.)
If you have 'Enhance pointer precision' OFF, then the fix will not be active (but it will be waiting to be activated when needed).
Just as some games turn it on when you don't want them to, we can turn it on manually to test that the fix is working properly.

• Go to Control Panel, and select Hardware and Sound, then click Mouse. Select 'Pointer options' and check-ON/enable the 'Enhance pointer precision' option.
  
• See how the mouse responds.
  
• If you want, you can run the MouseMovementRecorder.exe program that is included in the ZIP file to see that the mouse and pointer movements are 1-to-1 and always the same.
  (The numbers in the MOUSE MOVEMENT column should be the same as the numbers in the POINTER MOVEMENT column. Any differences will appear in green or red.If you do sometimes see differences, also test with 'Enhance pointer precision' OFF, in case the problem is with Windows or MouseMovementRecorder.exe rather than a problem with the fix.)
  
• Turn the 'Enhance pointer precision' option OFF when you have finished testing.

Does my game need a mouse fix?

You can test your game to see if it turns 'Enhance pointer precision' ON, and needs a mouse fix.

• Turn the 'Enhance pointer precision' option OFF,
• Run Mouse Movement Recorder (included in the ZIP file),
• Run your game and look at the 'EnPtPr' column footer at the bottom of the Mouse Movement Recorder window.
  If it is displayed with a red background then the game has turned acceleration ON and needs a mouse fix.

Is this fix different from the Cheese Mouse Fix?

The 'Enhance pointer precision' option works slightly differently in Windows 7 than it does in XP and Vista.
The Cheese Mouse Fix gives exactly 1-to-1 mouse response for Windows XP and Windows Vista.
The MarkC Mouse Fix gives exactly 1-to-1 mouse response for Windows 7.
(Note: Both fixes need the Control Panel 'pointer speed' slider set to the 6th, middle position to give exact 1-to-1.)

But I don't use the middle 6/11 pointer speed setting?

If you want exact 1-to-1 in-game response when the pointer speed slider is not in the 6/11 position, or you have a custom display DPI, see the MarkC Mouse Fix Builder, which works for Windows 7, Vista and XP.
For those older games that turn acceleration on, it gives the same response as position 6/11 does (1-to-1), without having to move the pointer speed slider to 6/11.
The MarkC Windows 7 + Vista + XP Mouse Acceleration Fix Builder

How do you remove it?

• Open the ZIP file at the link above.
• Select 'WindowsDefault.reg' and Double-click it.
• Answer Yes, OK to the prompts that appear.
• Reboot or Log off.

Loading the fix with a non-Administrator account

On Windows 7, when adding the mouse acceleration fix to the registry, you may get this error message:
"Cannot import (filename).reg: Not all data was successfully written to the registry."
This error happens because part of the fix turns off acceleration for the Welcome screen (the log on screen).
If you use the Welcome screen (or the Windows Log in dialog) and acceleration is NOT turned off for the Welcome screen, then the MarkC fixes have a 1 pixel / 1 mouse count error when the mouse changes direction left/right or up/down.
You can remove this 1 mouse count error by any of these methods:

• Run Disable_WelcomeScreen+Login_Accel.CMD as Administrator (Right-click > Run as administrator).
• Add/Merge Disable_WelcomeScreen+Login_Accel.reg to the registry while logged in as an administrator.
• Run RegEdit.exe and edit 'HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Mouse\MouseSpeed' to 0 (zero), while logged in as an administrator.
• Not moving or touching the mouse while using the Welcome screen (use arrow keys to select the user and Enter key to log in).
• Ignoring the 1 mouse count error! It's only a single count: You won't notice it.

counter strike source: cs 1.6: css: script making 101.

1. Setup
2. Entering Commands
3. Weapon Bind Names
4. Radio Bind Names
5. Key Bind Names
6. Important Notes
7. Sample Autoexec



=========
* Setup *
=========
First, we'll need to make an autoexec file for your binds to go in...

- Open up the:

C:\Valve\Steam\Steamapps\youremail\counter-strike source\cstrike\cfg

folder.

- Right-Click anywhere in the folder, from the pop-up list go to New >>> Text
Document.

*** Use Notepad for creating / editing your configs to prevent any possible
problems ***

- Once you open up the new text file, go to File >>> Save As...

- For the File name: "autoexec.cfg"

- For the Save as type: "All Files (*.*)"

- For the Encoding: ANSI

- Once it's saved it will create a NEW document called an autoexec.cfg, this is
where you will enter in your commands.


=====================
* Entering Commands *
=====================
- Now, here's how the buy scripting works in Source. First type which key that
you want to bind (for this example we will use f1):

bind f1

- Now, decide which weapon you would like f1 to buy, we'll use the AK-47:

bind f1 "buy ak47"

- And that's it...of course there's more things you can add such as buying
Primary Ammo, Kevlar, Grenades, etc. So we'll do one so that we buy an
AK-47, Primary Ammo, Kevlar, and a HE grenade:

bind f1 "buy ak47; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"

- You can also combine 2 different team specific weapons into the same binds.
Like the AK-47 and M4A1:

bind f1 "buy ak47; buy m4a1; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"

- The following formats can be used and your scripts will still function
properly:

bind f1 "buy ak47; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"
bind "f1" "buy ak47; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"
bind F1 "buy ak47; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"
bind f1 "buy AK47; buy PRIMAMMO; buy VEST; buy HEGRENADE"
bind f1 "buy ak47;buy primammo;buy vest;buy hegrenade"

- You can also add text headers in your autoexec in order to keep different
types of binds separated and labeled. Just add "//" to the beginning to make
sure that the game doesn't try to read it as a command. The following is an
example:

//Weapon Binds
bind f1 "buy ak47; buy m4a1; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"
bind f2 "buy sg552; buy aug; buy primammo; buy vest; buy hegrenade"

//Game Configs
cl_showfps 1
cl_smooth 0


=====================
* Weapon Bind Names *
=====================
Here is the list of the weapons and equipment you can buy and their proper
bind name...also note that these are the real weapon names and not the fake
VGUI weapon names just in case you're wondering why they're listed differently
here.

- Pistols:

"Glock18 Select Fire" - glock
"H&K USP .45 Tactical" - usp
"SIG P228" - p228
"Desert Eagle" - deagle
"FN Five-Seven" - fiveseven
"Dual Beretta 96G Elite" - elite

- Shotguns:

"Benelli M3 Super90" - m3
"Benelli XM1014" - xm1014

- Submachine Guns:

"Steyr Tactical Machine Pistol" - tmp
"Ingram MAC-10" - mac10
"H&K MP5-Navy" - mp5navy
"H&K UMP45" - ump45
"FN P90" - p90

- Assault Rifles:

"Galil" - galil
"Famas" - famas
"AK-47" - ak47
"Colt M4A1 Carbine" - m4a1
"SIG SG-552 Commando" - sg552
"Steyr Aug" - aug

- Sniper Rifles:

"Steyr Scout" - scout
"SIG SG-550 Sniper" - sg550
"AI Arctic Warfare/Magnum" - awp
"H&K G3/SG-1 Sniper Rifle" - g3sg1

- Machine Gun:

"FN M249 Para" - m249

- Ammunition:

"Primary Ammo" - primammo
"Secondary Ammo" - secammo

- Equipment:

"Kevlar Vest" - vest
"Kevlar Vest & Helmet" - vesthelm
"Flashbang" - flashbang
"HE Grenade" - hegrenade
"Smoke Grenade" - smokegrenade
"Defuse Kit" - defuser
"NightVision Goggles" - nvgs


====================
* Radio Bind Names *
====================
You can also bind radio commands now, here is the list of the radio messages
and their proper bind name...

- Radio A:

"Cover Me" - coverme
"You Take the Point" - takepoint
"Hold This Position" - holdpos
"Regroup Team" - regroup
"Follow Me" - followme
"Taking Fire, Need Assistance" - takingfire

- Radio B:

"Go" - go
"Fall Back" - fallback
"Stick Together Team" - sticktog
"Get in Position" - getinpos
"Storm the Front" - stormfront
"Report In" - report

- Radio C:

"Affirmative/Roger" - roger
"Enemy Spotted" - enemyspot
"Need Backup" - needbackup
"Sector Clear" - sectorclear
"I'm in Position" - inposition
"Reporting In" - reportingin
"She's gonna Blow!" - getout
"Negative" - negative
"Enemy Down" - enemydown


==================
* Key Bind Names *
==================
Here is the list of the keyboard keys you can bind and their proper bind
name...


[Esc ] [F1] [F2] [F3] [F4] [F5] [F6] [F7] [F8] [F9] [F10] [F11] [F12]

[`] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [0] [-] [=] [Backspace]

[ Tab ] [Q] [W] [E] [R] [T] [Y] [U] [I] [O] [P] [{] [}] [ \ ]

[ CAPS ] [A] [S] [D] [F] [G] [H] [J] [K] [L] [;] ['] [ Enter ]

[ Shift ] [Z] [X] [C] [V] [B] [N] [M] [,] [.] [/] [ Shift ]

[Ctrl] [N/A] [Alt] [ Space Bar ] [Alt] [N/A] [N/A] [Ctrl]


Keyboard Key Key Bind Name
------------ -------------
Space Bar - space
Caps Lock - capslock
Escape - escape
F1 - f1
F2 - f2
F3 - f3
F4 - f4
F5 - f5
F6 - f6
F7 - f7
F8 - f8
F9 - f9
F10 - f10
F11 - f11
F12 - f12
Pause - pause
Left Quote - `
Hyphen - -
Equals Sign - =
Backspace - backspace
Tab Key - tab
Left Bracket - ]
Right Bracket - [
Forward Slash - /
Semicolon - semicolon
Right Quote - '
Back Slash - \
Shift Key - shift
Enter - enter
Comma - ,
Control - ctrl
Alt - alt
One - 1
Two - 2
Three - 3
Four - 4
Five - 5
Six - 6
Seven - 7
Eight - 8
Nine - 9
Zero - 0
A - a
B - b
C - c
D - d
E - e
F - f
G - g
H - h
I - i
J - j
K - k
L - l
M - m
N - n
O - o
P - p
Q - q
R - r
S - s
T - t
U - u
V - v
W - w
X - x
Y - y
Z - z
Up Arrow - uparrow
Down Arrow - downarrow
Right Arrow - rightarrow
Left Arrow - leftarrow
Insert - ins
Home - home
Page Up - pgup
Page Down - pgdn
Delete - del
End - end
Mouse Button 1 - mouse1
Mouse Button 2 - mouse2
Mouse Button 3 - mouse3
Mouse Button 4 - mouse4
Mouse Button 5 - mouse5
Mouse Wheel Up - mwheelup
Mouse Wheel Down - mwheeldown


Keypad Key Key Bind Name
---------- -------------
1 - kp_end
2 - kp_downarrow
3 - kp_pgdn
4 - kp_leftarrow
5 - kp_5
6 - kp_rightarrow
7 - kp_home
8 - kp_uparrow
9 - kp_pgup
0 - kp_ins
+ - kp_plus
- - kp_minus
/ - kp_slash
. - kp_del
* - *
Enter - kp_enter


===================
* Important Notes *
===================
- Buy scripting in source is a lot more lenient when it comes to format. You
can use capital letters for the weapon names and keys, also you can remove
the spaces between different items (buy vest;buy primammo) and your script
will still work properly. Although mistakes can still happen...

- If your scripts don't seem to be working, first make sure that you've setup
your autoexec properly, then check spelling, and then format. Most errors
are caused by misspelling.

- If you don't have enough money to buy all the items, the game will buy in the
order that you have the weapons/equipment listed in your script.

- If you just want to buy single clips of ammo use either buyammo1 for primary
ammo, or buyammo2 for secondary ammo, very useful for it you just want to buy
one or two magazines of AWP ammo or pistol ammo.

- You can bind a key to use a certain weapon if you would like, which is very
helpful with grenades, the following is an example:

bind mouse4 "use weapon_hegrenade"


===================
* Sample Autoexec *
===================
The following is an example of an autoexec that has buy scripts, toggle scripts
and game configs in it so you can see an example of how it all looks when used
together.

//Walk Toggle Script
alias walk "+speed; bind q run"
alias run "-speed; bind q walk"
bind q "walk"

//Net_Graph Script
alias +netgraph "net_graph 3"
alias -netgraph "net_graph 0"
bind ctrl "+netgraph"

//Buy Menu Scripts
bind kp_home "buy deagle; buyammo2; buyammo2"
bind kp_uparrow "buy scout; buyammo1"
bind kp_pgup "buy mp5navy; buy primammo"
bind kp_leftarrow "buy galil; buy famas; buy primammo"
bind kp_5 "buy ak47; buy m4a1; buy primammo"
bind kp_rightarrow "buy sg552; buy aug; buy primammo"
bind kp_end "buy hegrenade; buy flashbang; buy smokegrenade"
bind kp_downarrow "buy primammo; buy secammo"
bind kp_pgdn "buy vest; buy vesthelm"

//Game Configs
cl_showfps 1
hud_drawhistory_time 1
hud_deathnotice_time 3
hud_saytext_time 5
cl_smooth 0
cl_ragdoll_collide 1
bind mouse5 "use weapon_hegrenade"
bind mouse4 "use weapon_flashbang"
bind mouse3 "use weapon_smokegrenade"